Culturing planktic foraminifera on Catalina Island

I've had 6 extended field seasons on Catalina Island culturing planktic foraminifers. During my first field season (2011), my goal was simple: collect deep dwelling planktic foraminifers using a plankton net and get them to survive, grow, and complete their life cycle in the laboratory. We had great success getting the deep dwellers N. dutertrei and N. pachyderma to grow in culture during our first culture season in 2011 despite the fact that the culture conditions were designed for warmer, shallower species. After that first season, I was funded (with Ann Russell and Tessa Hill at UC Davis) to continue lab culture projects of the deeper dwelling species, concentrating our efforts at both the Catalina Island and at the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory (the Bodega project was lead by Dr. Catherine Davis for her PhD research). We also investigated controls on trace element variability in both spinose and non-spinose species (e.g. what controls Mg/Ca banding and other sub-micron scale heterogeneity). 

More recently, my group returned to the Wrigley Marine Science Center to do some genetics, microbiome, and MicroCT studies (2022 field season) and culture forams under high CO2 conditions (800 ppm - sort of worst case climate warming) scenarios, fix the forams as they are building chambers, and use transcriptomics to identify proteins and genes that are up or down regulated during warmer higher CO2 conditions. This project was funded by a NERC-NSF grant with Clare Bird (U of Stirling - Lead PI)

Read about some of the culture projects, that included: 

• Investigating Ba/Ca incorporation in Neogloboquadrina dutertrei
• Mg/Ca and oxygen isotopes temperature calibrations for N. dutertrei. This project generated a monster of a dataset and the results are in prep.
• Investigating the timing of Mg-banding in N. dutertrei

Below are some images of the deep dwellers captured in 2011. Additional pictures from the summer of 2014 and 2015 are posted in the blog.

Learn about our Taiwan field projects HERE.

Learn about our Coastal Oregon projects HERE.

elect projects

• Field research with living forams for proxy development, to study microbial/symbiont associations, and biomin.
• Barium in non-spinose foraminifera: culture experiments and proxy development.
• Laser-ablation ICP-MS method development projects
• Reconstructing upper water column hydrography using multiple species of planktic foraminifera (Post doc research)
• Electron microprobe image maps of the Mg/Ca ratio in G. ruber and N. dutertrei (PhD research)
• Carbonate ion concentration in the ocean (proxy development, PhD research)

Want to know more about the culturing work? Check out the great short documentaries posted below. These documentaries were filmed by Dan Brinkhaus of ScienceMedia.nl. The first video discusses WHY scientists want to culture planktic foraminifera. The second documentary discusses the foram culturing process.

N. pachyderma has bright red or orange cytoplasm. The cytoplasm turns white if the foram is left under bright light. When they are left in the dark (no light) the cytoplasm gets darker. Notice the thinly calcified newchamber, devoid of cytoplasm.

This N. dutertrei was fed a single frozen (thawed) 1-day old artemia brine shrimp. Click on the image for a larger version where you can see the new chamber (no cytoplasm in it yet) and the rhizopodia.

This smaller N. dutertrei was also fed a single frozen (thawed) 1-day old artemia brine shrimp. The shrimp has lost shape because it's being digested by the foram. Click on the image for a larger version where you can see the new chamber (no cytoplasm in it yet) and the rhizopodia.