I'm frequently asked: "Where can I go to learn more about climate change" or "Hey, Jenn, my (neighbor, brother, sister, friend) is wholly uninformed about climate, weather, etc and I need to learn more, HELP!"
Here area few resources I like to point people to:
Below are useful resources for becoming informed about the Earth's climate: Skeptical Science: From their website: The goal of Skeptical Science is to explain what peer reviewed science has to say about global warming. What's so great about this website is that you can pick your level of learning: beginner vs. advanced depending on your level of understanding AND the level at which you want to learn about climate science. This website also discusses climate topics that are often discussed by climate deniers.
Global weirding with Katherine Hayhoe: These videos are amazingly useful.. I highly highly recommend.
Other websites I use often:
Google scholar(scholar.google.com) - Use this for finding journal papers. I like Google Scholar better than Web of Science for finding papers because you can find journal articles even if you are not on a campus or have a subscription (Web of Science requires login). Find a paper that you can't download because it's behind a paywall? Google the paper and author(s) and you can typically find a pdf on a personal website or at least contact information for the author(s).
Earth Sciences Women's Network (eswnonline.org) - great resource for women scientists in STEM fields
National Climatic Data Center - Download published data. A great place to start if you need to find data for a paper or for teaching